The Polos and Kublai

After spending time at the court of Kublai Khan, Niccolò and Maffeo Polo tried to get home to Venice and to deliver a letter from Kublai to the pope. A nice direct route might have been through Constantinople, but the city was hostile to Venetians after the return of Byzantine rule by Michael Paleologus. They went to the Holy Land instead and Acre, capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

The papal legate, Teobaldo Visconti, was in Acre for the Ninth Crusade. He made them aware that Pope Clement IV had died while they were in the East. He advised them to go home and wait for an election. They took ship for Venice, where Niccolò got to know the young son he had left behind when he started his trip with Maffeo: the teenaged Marco.

What they and the papal legate could not have known was that there would not be a new pope until 1271, when the compromise candidate was elected in absentia. The summons went to none other than Teobaldo Visconti to return home and assume the Chair of Peter! Now Pope Gregory X, he accepted the letter from the Khan.

At his request, the Polo brothers (now along with Niccolò's son) began the trip to the court of Kublai Khan along with two Dominican friars, Niccolò de Vicence and William of Tripoli. The Polos reached the court of Kublai Khan in 1273, but the Dominicans were no longer with them: they had supposedly reversed course out of fear. (William ultimately went to the Holy Land as the pope's diplomat.)

Marco delighted the Khan, who made him an emissary and promoted his travel all over. Marco brought back many stories of the things he had seen. The Polos asked several times for permission to leave court and return home, but Kublai enjoyed their company so much that it was 17 years until he allowed them to depart.

He allowed them to depart with on final mission: to escort a Mongol princess to her betrothed. I'll tell you that story tomorrow.