St. Alexius in Rome

Alexius was a 4th-century son of a wealthy family who married well and had riches, but right after his wedding decided he wanted to give away all his wealth and live in poverty and complete obscurity. His plan didn't turn out exactly as he wished. I gave more details in this post.

The story of Alexius was not well known in the West—it was around more in the East although he was called a native of Rome—but there is a place in Rome now that remembers him. Physically changed by his years of poverty, he lived under the stairs of his parents' home for many years until his death. Legend tells us this was on the Aventine Hill in Rome.

The church of Saint Boniface has been on the Aventine Hill since the 8th century. Pope Benedict VII in 972 gave it over to Sergius of Damascus, a Greek metropolitan who had been living in Rome since being exiled. Next to the church, Sergius built a monastery for Greek and Roman monks who wished to live in strict poverty. It was Sergius who brought the story of Alexius to Rome. Sergius changed the name of the Church to include Alexius, and he created the legend that the holy man's family home was on this site.

Today, if you enter the Basilica of Saint Boniface and Alexius, on the left side there is a house, the "house of Alexius' family." In it you will see stairs called the Holy Steps, below which there is an altar. The altar is where Alexius lived for 17 years. If you look at the illustration, you can assume the area is a little more elaborate than it would have been in the 4th or 10th centuries.

He is the patron saint of beggars, nurses, pilgrims, travelers, and the town of Kalavryta in Greece, where there is a monastery called Agia Lavra ("Holy Monastery") that is his major shrine. Why Kalavryta? I'm trying to work that out. Once I've done some research, I'll get back to you.

See you tomorrow.

The Crescentii

Yesterday I talked about the end of Crescentius II at the hands of Otto III, because he caused too much trouble in Rome even after having been pardoned for earlier offenses. His family had been a force in Rome for awhile. He was often called "the Younger" and his father called "Crescentius the Elder." The family was the same that started with Theophylact I.

The Elder Crescentius saw an opportunity to become more prominent in Rome after the Carolingian dynasty lost power through their own fraternal wars between Charlemagne's grandsons. Crescentius was around during the time of Otto I when a synod removed Pope John XII. Pope John XIII was Crescentius' brother, which helped support the Elder's grasp on Roman politics.

But when John XIII died and Otto I designated a successor (Benedict VI), Romans resented the outside interference from the emperor. When Otto II became emperor and was involved in foreign wars, the Romans under Crescentius took over, imprisoning Benedict VI into the Castel Sant'Angelo, where he was killed in 974.

The Romans then chose Boniface VII, against the advice of the emperor's envoy. When members of the imperial faction reasserted their authority, Boniface fled Rome, going to Constantinople and being replaced by Benedict VII, who was then succeeded by John XIV.

When Otto II died, Boniface returned from Constantinople in 984, supported by Crescentii the Younger. Pope John XIV was imprisoned in the Castel Sant'Angelo and died four months later. Otto III eventually (and brutally) dealt with the matter of who controlled Rome and the papacy.

By this time, however, Crescentius the Elder had changed his lifestyle. He chose to join the monastery of St. Alexius on the Aventine Hill in Rome, taking up monastic habit and dropping out of public life.

Now, Alexius was a 4th-century saint who has been mentioned before, but the monastery was only a few years old. I'll tell you a little more tomorrow.